大学英语作文中常用的单词、短语、句子和句型如下：
单词
at first/ first（ly）/ first of all / in the first place- 首先；第一
in the beginning- 起初
to begin with / to start with- 首先
finally/ at last/ at the end- 最后；终于
at present- 现在；当今
one the one hand…（on the other hand）- 一方面…（另一方面）
in general- 一般说来
generally speaking- 一般地说
on the whole /all in all- 总起来说
in a word/ in short,/ in brief,- 简言之
短语
While many people attach great importance to this issue, no real effective actions have been taken to solve it.- 尽管很多人非常重视这个问题，然而一直以来并没有采取真正有效的解决措施。
After a good many years of efforts to/ enthusiasm for…, people begin to…- 经过许多年的努力/热衷于……多年之后，人们开始……
Recently, the problem of…has aroused people’s concern.- 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。
句子
It goes without saying that+句子= It is obvious that句子 = Obviously, S. + V.- 不用说，很明显。例如： It goes without saying that everyone should keep a balanced diet for the benefit of health.
According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.- 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
句型
以单个修饰语作为句子的开头- 这个修饰语可以是形容词、分词或副词。例如： Young and ambitious, JieYu works hard to teach English.
以同位语作为句子的开头- 例如： The most popular teacher in Neworiental, Ma Zihui, will attend the party.
以短语修饰语作为句子的开头- 短语修饰语可以是介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语以及独立主格结构。例如： With a book in her hands, Fang Meng talked to a foreigner.
表示措施- 例如： We should take some effective measures.
表示变化- 例如： Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
表示事实、现状- 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that…
表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能- 例如： It is necessary for us to learn English well.
用于句首提出问题或现象的句型- 例如： Nowadays, it is common to hear/see…
用于阐述不同的观点的常用句型- 例如： Although more and more people come to believe..., there are still others who insist that...
用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型- 例如： In my opinion, both sides are partly right in that...
这些单词、短语、句子和句型可以帮助你在大学英语作文中提高表达能力和写作水平。建议多读、多写、多练，以熟练掌握这些表达方式。